Everyday thousands of children are being sexually abused. You can stop the abuse of at least one child by simply praying. You can possibly stop the abuse of thousands of children by forwarding the link in First Time Visitor? by email, Twitter or Facebook to every Christian you know. Save a child or lots of children!!!! Do Something, please!

3:15 PM prayer in brief:
Pray for God to stop 1 child from being molested today.
Pray for God to stop 1 child molestation happening now.
Pray for God to rescue 1 child from sexual slavery.
Pray for God to save 1 girl from genital circumcision.
Pray for God to stop 1 girl from becoming a child-bride.
If you have the faith pray for 100 children rather than one.
Give Thanks. There is more to this prayer here

Please note: All my writings and comments appear in bold italics in this colour

Saturday, 25 April 2015

Villages Lead the Way to Stopping Child Marriage

Village councils in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan have taken it upon themselves to rid the region of the menace of marrying off girls way before the legal age

Urmul Trust - You are my heroes of the week

Girls not brides A woman signs a pledge against child marriage in the presence
of Urmul Trust volunteers, officials of Zila Parishad
and people from Unicef Rajasthan
In September 2010, Jimmy Carter and Fernando H. Cardoso wrote in “The Guardian” that child marriage has been a major brake on progress towards six of the eight millennium development goals. They argued that it was time to recognise that we cannot improve the lives of the poorest and most marginalised women and girls until the impact of child marriage was addressed directly and openly.

The same year The Elders, an independent group of global leaders brought together in 2007 by Nelson Mandela to work together for peace and human rights, began to forge a global civil society alliance for a world without child marriage. Girls Not Brides: The Global Partnership to End Child Marriage brought together non-government organisations working all over the world to end this harmful practice. The Urmul Trust based out of Bikaner in the Indian state of Rajasthan is one of them. Its managing trustee Arvind Ojha was one of the four Indians who participated in The Elders global strategy meeting in Ethiopia to end child marriage.

Five years later, at a function on February 17, 2015, he smiled with satisfaction when a “gram panchayat” (village council) in Bikaner in northern Rajasthan declared itself child marriage free. He marvelled at his trust’s work when people of the “gram panchayat”, including girls, took a pledge to never allow child marriage in their milieu.

It was a pleasant morning when Benisar, 61 kilometres from Bikaner district headquarters, became Rajasthan’s first child marriage free “gram panchayat”. Its sarpanch (village council head) Shravan Kumar was later quoted by “The Times of India”, an Indian English daily, as saying, “Child marriage is a social evil. We gathered to fight against it. Still, some child marriages are solemnised secretly in the villages. Now, we have taken a pledge not to allow child marriages any more in our “gram panchayat”.” A member of Bikaner district council Parvati Devi said, “We lost our freedom; we will not let our daughters lose theirs.”


A few hours later, Surjansar, 34 kilometres from Benisar, became the second child marriage free “gram panchayat”. A prominent villager, Om Prakash Tarar, addressing the gathering, said: “We assure you that we will work for making other villages in our neighbourhood child marriage free. We take a pledge to rid our block of this social evil. We want to make Sri Dungargarh Rajasthan’s first child marriage free block.”

Urmul Trust volunteers, officials of Zila Parishad, people from Unicef Rajasthan were present when villagers in both the “gram panchayats” signed a banner pledging against child marriage. Adriano Sofri, a well-known Italian intellectual, writer and journalist, who was in India to deepen child protection issues and the root causes of related social problems, regarding the condition of the girl child, child marriage, trafficking and more in general the lack of opportunities of vulnerable girls and groups, was also witness to the two functions. Sofri collaborates with “La Repubblica”, an Italian daily. He has written about the two “gram panchayats” in the newspaper on his return.

On October 11, 2012, the world celebrated the first-ever International Day of the Girl Child. The day was embraced globally as a moment to celebrate the girl child and to call for greater action to protect her rights, dignity and enable her to fulfil her potential. As a principal barrier to the development of girls and their wider communities, organisations around the world emphasised that it is high time to tackle child marriage. The United Nations chose to mark the occasion by focusing on the issue of child marriage, led by Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon’s call for all of us “to do our part to let girls be girls, not brides”.

Ojha was also present at the first ever girl summit on 22 July 2014 in London. The summit built on growing recognition that child marriage and female genital mutilation hold back millions of girls. The need for urgent action was emphasised by the launch of new data from Unicef which showed that worldwide more than 700 million women alive today were married or entered into union before their 18th birthday. This is equivalent to 10 per cent of the world’s population. An October 2014 Girls Not Brides publication titled “Understanding The Scale of Child Marriage: A User Guide”, predicts that if there is no reduction in child marriage, 1.2 billion girls will marry as children by 2050 — equivalent to India’s population.

India is at top of the 10 countries with the highest absolute numbers (in thousands) of child marriage (“Vogelstein, R, Ending Child Marriage, How elevating the status of girls advances US foreign policy objectives, Council on Foreign Relations, 2013”). India, the report mentions, has 10,063,000 women between 20 and 24 years of age who were married before they were 15. According to the “UNICEF State of the World’s Children: In Numbers: Every Child Counts, 2014”, India is eighth among the 10 countries with the highest rates of marriage before 15.

It was in the backdrop of these stark statistics that Urmul Trust, named after Uttar Rajasthan Milk Union Limited (Urmul), took up a special project in tribal village Chundhi in Jaisalmer district in February 2014 — one year before Benisar and Surjansar in Bikaner became child marriage free panchayats. The trust told the community that a child bride was neither physically nor emotionally ready to become a wife or a mother; that girls married before the legal age (18 years) were at far greater risk of experiencing dangerous complications in pregnancy and childbirth, becoming infected with HIV/AIDS and suffering domestic violence. The community was sensitised on the issue with the help of opinion leaders, including religious gurus. The trust understood that dropping out of school increased a girl’s vulnerability to child marriage and hence worked with school management committees to ensure girls dropout rates fell. It worked with the youth groups to develop them as pressure groups.

Chundhi soon became the first village in the state to declare itself child marriage-free.

Chundhi, India
So far, the trust has managed to get 54 villages declared as child marriage free — 24 in Bikaner’s Sri Dungargarh and 30 in Jaisalmer’s blocks. In November 2014, the trust took up some villages in the Phalodi block of Jodhpur. The trust is working on 150 villages in three blocks: 60 each in Sri Dungargarh and Jaisalmer, and 30 in Phalodi.

The initial strategy was to focus on villages. With Benisar and Surjansar, the focus has shifted to “gram panchayats” (which have more than one village). “We realised with a little more effort, we could declare an entire “gram panchayat” child marriage free,” says Ojha.

Recalling the ground work, Ojha says, “In the initial few meetings with the villagers, we identified people who were pro the issue. We prepared them for leadership, felicitated them time and again, called them to Bikaner meetings, and built their capacity to take ownership of the movement. The idea was to build a mechanism that will sustain the movement against child marriage.”

The result is people like 19-year-old Poonam Sankhla in Benisar and 20-year-old Manoj Meghwal in Dhirdesar Purohitan. A second year student of Bachelor’s course in Arts, Poonam is now a full-time volunteer with Urmul Trust. “Child marriage takes away our childhood, forces us to drop out of school,” she says as she recounts how girls of the village got together on February 9 this year for beating “thali” (a utensil) to announce birth of a girl in the village. Traditionally, “thali”-beating is done to announce a boy’s birth. Benisar girls led by Poonam broke the convention.

On January 26, 2012, 28-year-old Osho Jigyasu Siddh, leader of a village youth group in Benisar, made the tradition compulsory for birth of a girl child. Three days later, when a girl was born in village health worker Neetu Kanwar’s family, she beat “thali”.

Manoj’s elder sister didn’t study beyond class 10, but she wants to study “at least till graduation level”. An elected panchayat representative Puja Kanwar, 23, says she was married at 17. “I know what child marriage does to a woman so I won’t let my daughters get married before the legal age,” she says.

It is people such as Poonam, Jigyasu and Puja Kanwar who will act as internal pressure against child marriage in these villages. “If we can rotate the wheel for five years, the static energy will keep it moving forever,” says Ojha as he shows me around the Urmul Trust office near the bus stand in Bikaner.

“Ownership by a panchayat is a sustainable model since panchayats are constitutional bodies. If we can run this model successfully in the target population of 150 villages, we can showcase it to government and get it replicated elsewhere,” he adds.

In Rajasthan, the present percentage of married women aged between 20 and 24 years who were married before the legal age of 18 years is 51.2 per cent (54.7 per cent in rural and 36.9 per cent in urban areas) according to marriage data in the Annual Health Survey 2012-2013. 

The reasons are many. Trade of girls due to poor sex ratio, poverty and fear of infamy (following affairs) are some of them.

Rakesh Kumar is a writer based in Jaipur, India

Baby Sex Abuse Gang 'with Tentacles that go Round the World' Found Guilty

Full details of paedophile ring’s activity can be reported for first time after trial of two of them, John Denham and Matthew Stansfield, ended with convictions

 Left to right, top row: Adam Toms, David Harsley, John Denham (previously
 known as Benjamin Harrop), Christopher Knight; L-R bottom row: Matthew
Stansfield, Robin Hollyson and Matthew Lisk. Photo: National Crime Agency
Seven members of a paedophile gang were involved in the rape and abuse of babies, toddlers and children in attacks that were streamed on the internet and seen on every continent.

The sex ring – described as having “tentacles that go round the world” – preyed on the families of the children they targeted, in one case grooming a mother and father before their baby was born.

Members would frequently travel long distances to carry out the attacks together or watch the abuse over the internet, often using the dark web, if only one of them had access to a victim. Online chat revealed that members of the gang, who lived across the UK, would offer advice and guidance to others on drugging their young victims.

Seven men, aged between 30 and 51 and including three convicted sex offenders, were brought to justice following an investigation led by the National Crime Agency.

The details can be reported in full for the first time after the trial of two of them, John Denham, 49, and Matthew Stansfield, 34, concluded at Bristol crown court with their convictions. Denham was found guilty of conspiracy to sexually assault a child under 13. Stansfield was convicted of two charges of conspiracy to rape a child under 13.

The others – Robin Hollyson, 30; Christopher Knight, 35; Adam Toms, 33; David Harsley, 51, and Matthew Lisk, 32 – pleaded guilty earlier to the charges they faced.

Hollyson, who was previously known as Robin Fallick, Stansfield and Harsley are convicted sex offenders while Denham, who changed his name from Benjamin Harrop, was a respected youth football coach.

In total they faced more than 30 charges, including the rape of a child, conspiracy to rape a child, sexual activity with a child and administering a substance with intent against three victims – a baby, a toddler and a pre-school-age child. Investigators, who spoke before the verdicts, believe there are other victims.

The gang hid behind a veil of respectability with careers and families to habitually target children under the age of five in Yorkshire, and the south-east and south-west of England.

Robert Davies, prosecuting, told the jury in the trial of Denham and Stansfield: “This prosecution will take you into a world you wished did not exist. The evidence exposes the shocking interest a group of men had in sexually abusing babies, toddlers or pre-school children.

Police described the men as “monsters in disguise”, working together to commit some of the most “vile and depraved” child sex offences the authorities had ever seen.

The NCA, which led the investigation, said the men met after discussing their sexual interests in young children on legitimate social media and adult sex sites. The gang was described as “incredibly skilled” at grooming victims’ families, even striking up relationships with pregnant women to abuse their babies.

The men, who did not know each other outside of their involvement in the abuse, led outwardly respectable lives and concealed their activities from the outside world until they were unmasked.

Graham Gardner, deputy director of investigations at the NCA, said: “They don’t stand out as monsters, but they are monsters in disguise. We rarely see criminal behaviour involving the sexual abuse of children to this degree. This is serious organised crime at its worst.

“The men involved in this group actively targeted families to facilitate the sexual abuse of their children, toddlers and babies. The depravity of these men appeared to know no bounds and is without doubt as vile as we have seen.”

The NCA launched its investigation, codenamed Operation Voicer, last September after Toms contacted police and admitted he had abused a child. Their inquiries led to the unmasking of the ring operating across the UK, which had links to other paedophiles across the world.

In the weeks that followed, the other six members were arrested and a further two victims were identified. Another 21 children have been the subject of safeguarding measures in relation to the investigation.

The NCA has worked closely with the Avon and Somerset, Bedfordshire, Greater Manchester, Hampshire, Humberside, Wiltshire and Sussex police forces, as well as the Crown Prosecution Service and nine local authorities.

Police combed the suspects’ electronic communications and established that contact between them began on adult online sex forums, which are publicly accessible and legal to use. Investigators recovered Skype chat logs that recorded conversations between the men, which police described as disgusting and abhorrent.

The exchanges – which were never meant to have been discovered as the men went to great lengths to destroy their online activities – included references to “nep”, a term investigators had not come across before. It is a shortening of “nepiophile” – a word used to describe those sexually attracted to babies and toddlers.

There were also references to controlled drugs and over-the-counter medicines, with members of the ring openly discussing what dosages were needed to drug children of different ages.

Police said an “incredible” amount of planning went into gaining access to victims.

Ian Glover, senior investigating officer, said: “We’ve encountered grooming where the family have been groomed prior to birth of the baby. They go in that early with the sole intention of abusing that baby once it’s born.”

Extensive planning went into enabling the abuse to be screened over the internet to co-conspirators and also other paedophiles around the world.

Members of the gang were “savvy” in establishing a way to broadcast their activities without transferring files in a way that could be easily traced, instead using video conferencing site Zoom to stream their abuse. They also used the dark web – a way of hiding online activity – to communicate with each other.

Images of abuse in this case are believed to have been seen on every continent and British police have circulated evidence about other suspected paedophiles to authorities in Europe, South America and Australia. There was no business element to the activities, with no evidence of any payment being received.

Greg McGill, head of the CPS organised crime division, said: “It is difficult to find the words to describe the activities of these men, and the harm that they have done. The families of these children have endured a horrendous ordeal and I would like to thank them for their invaluable assistance in securing these convictions.

“Fortunately, the CPS, NCA and police forces were able to coordinate a swift and effective response when matters came to light, which resulted in the arrest and prosecution of these men. The efforts have resulted in guilty pleas from all involved, followed by further convictions secured after a trial for other offences.”

The gang will be sentenced together at a later date.

Friday, 24 April 2015

Former Swim Instructor Acquitted of Child Sex Abuse

Washington County Circuit Court in downtown Hillsboro.
(Emily E. Smith/The Oregonian)
By Emily E. Smith | The Oregonian/OregonLive 

Jurors acquitted a former Sunset Athletic Club swim instructor of child sex abuse Thursday after his defense attorney argued that the teenager had suffered a "wardrobe malfunction" when he took his class of 6-year-olds into the sauna.

Mitchell Kelly, now 18, was arrested last summer on accusations that he coaxed two girls into various positions and touched them sexually while he was exposed.

But the defense described Kelly as a kind, sweet teenager who was active in his community. He played in the school marching band, sang in musicals, held after-school jobs and had ambitions to become an Eagle Scout – the highest rank in the Boy Scouts of America.

But more importantly, defense lawyer Timothy Bowman argued, were the thin, tattered shorts Kelly wore on the day of the incident.

"Those shorts clear him," Bowman said. "Makes all of the other pieces click into place."

Sunset Athletic Club, Millwood Hills, west of Portland, Oregon
On the witness stand Wednesday in Washington County Circuit Judge Jim Fun's courtroom, the teen said he'd just finished his junior year at Sunset High School and was working as a lifeguard and swim teacher at the Bethany club on June 23.

That day, Kelly took two boys and two girls into the sauna after their pool time. He liked to show them other parts of the club's aquatic area during class while he talked to them about water safety, he said.

Sunset Athletic Club hot tub where abuse didn't occur
Inside the steam room, the boys were busy chatting and goofing off while Kelly instructed the girls on some yoga poses, he said. The girls were up on the benches as he tried to guide them into a tabletop pose on hands and knees, a downward dog pose with their rear ends in the air and finally a push-up position.

The defendant testified he was shirtless and wearing only some shorts that he'd been using as swim trunks. Days earlier, the zipper on the shorts had broken, and his mother had sewn it partially closed, he said.

As he was helping the girls, he said, he heard one of them say, "Ew! What's that?"

"I have no idea what she's talking about," Kelly testified. "I look down and I am exposed to these children."

He realized then that his button had come undone and his shorts had fallen down, he said.

The defendant paused, tearing up. He continued: "I turned to the wall, I buttoned myself up and I ended class."

The girl continued asking him questions about what she'd seen, Kelly said.

"I remember telling her, 'Your parents will tell you when you're older,'" he testified.

The teen was embarrassed, he said, and didn't know what to do. So, he went to teach his next class.

Mitchell Kelly
But soon, sheriff's deputies arrived and asked to speak with him.

Kelly indicated to deputies that he might have touched the girls inappropriately and was possibly aroused, according to deputies. But his lawyer argued that those statements were the result of coercion and twisting his words.

I have only one question regarding this trial and that is, 'how could a kid who couldn't afford a pair of functional swimming trunks, afford such a great lawyer'?

On cross-examination, prosecutor Paul Maloney questioned Kelly's truthfulness. In tears, Kelly blurted the Scout Oath: "On my honor I will do my best ... To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight."

"There is an alternative explanation to this being an accident," Maloney told jurors in his closing arguments. "It's that this was on purpose."

Kelly took the children into a secluded place where they weren't supposed to be, he said, and both girls described the same set of facts.

"They are worthy of your belief," he said.

Kelly faced four Measure-11 charges: two counts each of first-degree sexual abuse and using a child in a display of sexual conduct.

Jurors deliberated for much of Thursday afternoon before reaching a verdict. They found him not guilty on all counts.

-- Emily E. Smith

Child Sex Abuse, No Longer a Family Secret


Marcos Ortiz
SALT LAKE CITY (ABC 4 Utah) - The numbers are shocking.

Nearly five children in Utah are sexually abused each day.

And most often it's not a stranger but the child's own parent who is behind the abuse.

For years it's been treated as a family secret. But experts say it is time to bring it out in the open for the sake of children.

"At the time it was a perfect storm for incest,” said Deann Tilton who grew up in the 1970's and claims her father molested her.

Steven Ewell is currently an inmate at the state prison in Gunnison.

“For some reason I had an attraction to my daughter,” he told a hearing officer during a review of his case.

That doesn't mean you have to give in to that attraction. The attraction is Satanic, it's temptation, you can resist it. If you loved your daughters more than yourself, you would resist it.

In 2011 in a Provo courtroom, Judge David Mortensen told Keith Brown of his role in life.

"It is obvious a home should be a refuge and a safe place and a parent should be a protector," said Judge Mortensen.

Brown, father and manager of Utah's well known pianist group, "the 5-Browns" was not a protector but a pedophile.

He's serving up to a life sentence for sexually molesting his two daughters.

"As a teenager I felt alone,” said Deondra Brown. “I felt really alone. I felt shamed and dirty.”

It turns out Brown is not alone. According to the Utah Department of Public Safety in 2013:

-there were 1,661 cases of various types of sex abuse between a parent and child.

-623 cases involved a grandparent and grandchild.

In 2012, DPS reports:

-929 children were sexually molested by a parent.

-715 grandchildren were molested.


"Often, very sad it's been passed inter-generationally for many, many years within families,” said Joann Schladale, executive director of Resources For Resolving Violence. “And the people who have perpetrated it come to me and say it was just done in our family."

Prison inmate Ewell started molesting his four year old daughter and the abuse spanned almost a decade.

“I would go in the mornings and lay down with her and stick my hands under bra and underwear,” Ewell said. “I knew what I was doing was wrong. I knew I needed help. I was scared.”

Jackie Chilton remembers a frightening childhood because of her father.

"Even at 4 and 5 years old I knew something was wrong because I was afraid of him," recalled Chilton.

Chilton says her dad molested her for years before she got the courage to tell her mother.
But growing up in the 70's, the abuse was kept quiet.

"I dropped out of high school I couldn't focus I was in a constant state of shock,” she said.

Tilton who has now become an advocate at the University of Utah, grew up in Spanish Fork.

"I never forgot the abuse. it was very confusing behavior for me," she said.

She grew up afraid of dark for a different reason. Night time was when her dad would sneak into her room.

"My dad said don't tell mom about this," she said. "It was first time it was validated. He had a grip on my mind and the fear of punishment and the fear of breaking up the family."

She never told anyone.

Being a survivor herself, Deondra Brown of the 5 Browns understands why.

"It's a very solitary crime and because of that the victim doesn't realize there are so many others out there like them," she said.

At a recent seminar focusing on treatment, experts hoped to shed light on a disturbing problem. There's always been resources for victims who come forward. But Schladale said it starts with prevention and the tools to empower children to speak up.

"I believe it is the parent's responsibility to teach little toddlers healthy boundaries, things about touching themselves. To have healthy boundaries within that family," she said.

Bobbie Pugh is a mother and a therapist with a non-profit group for abused children.

"Teaching them that they have a voice, 'this is my body, it's my body if i say stop you stop,'" Pugh said. "It's important to let children know that they have a voice."

The state legislature passed a new law extending the time when a victim of sex abuse can report the crime and still get it prosecuted.

And efforts to make schools teach children about sex abuse begin next year.

"My father considered me his property," said an elderly man who is speaking about his abuse years ago.

He is featured in a new campaign by the Attorney General's office. The public campaign is called "One With Courage." It launches April 28th.

According to an early release statement by the office it's mission is "Protecting children is the responsibility of every adult. One With courage is a campaign that provides adults with the tools they need to keep Utah's children safe from sexual abuse."

"Life gets better, but it's not an overnight process," said the elderly man featured in the campaign.

And through support groups, survivors are learning ways to move on.

"It is not my fault," said Brown. "I can still go on and do all amazing things I would hope to do in my life."

Brown and her sister set up a foundation for survivors. She said it's a way to let others know they're not alone because there's too much at stake.

"When I feel overwhelmed some days, I look at her (daughter) and think, I really am optimistic that you are going to have a better life than I did and I will do everything in my power to protect you as your mother," she said.

In addition to the links previously posted, there are other resources available for victims and their families.
The Utah Coalition Against Sexual Assault
Prevent Child Abuse Utah
The Family Support Center

Maine’s Shameful Secret: Child Rape

Maine is rated third worst state in the country for sex trafficking.
by Lori Handrahan
@LoriHandrahan2

The Bangor Daily News says Maine is an East Coast source to procure children. Those who know Maine’s history are not surprised.

Only a few years ago, when students at Baxter School for the Deaf tried to refuse sexual abuse by their director, Dr. Robert Kelly, he tied them naked to a tree and left them alone, all night, in the Maine woods; to break them.

Dr. Robert Kelly was not prosecuted. The State of Maine protected Kelly and not Maine’s children. The Attorney General (AG) refused to prosecute any of the Baxter School rapists. Instead, Maine used tax-payer funds to pay Kelly’s pension through-out his retirement in Florida until he finally died, as reported by Rick Wormwood, in 2004.

Maine handled Kelly the same way Maine is currently handling retired Biddeford Police Officer Stephen Dodd; a cop who anally raped children now living free in Florida on Maine tax-payer funds.

When children are tied naked to pine trees as a “grooming” exercise for rape, when a young boy is handcuffed, his face pushed into the grass, while being raped by a police officer, and no one is prosecuted, the devil is walking the halls of Maine’s Attorney General’s office. I fear he has taken up residence.

Lawyers in the AG’s office use a “statute of limitations” excuse to justify their protection of child rapists and not children. There is wide recognition there can be no statute of limitations for crimes of child abuse. Indeed, Maine legislatures, in 1991, ended the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse. Then a federal judge, for the District of Maine, in an unbelievable judgment, ruled that “the Legislature clearly did not intend for this expanded statute of limitations to revive claims that were already ‘barred by the previous statute of limitations in force’ prior to the amendments.”

Judges in Maine often appear eager to protect child rapists and not children. From Baxter School, to the Zumba prostitution scandal, to my daughter Mila’s case in Judge Jeff Moskowitz’s court, to the police who have been allowed to rape children for decades, Maine’s judges and lawyers systematically protect child rapists and not children.

Child rapists like the late John H. Kenoyer, former FBI Bureau Chief in Augusta, Maine who raped a ten year old girl for over a year, and former Assistant Attorney General James Cameron, recently arrested for trading in child rape and torture, aka child porn, are considered “important people” and “productive members of the community.”

Maine judges, police, and prosecutors protect them.

One has to wonder why.

6 January 1988 UPI Archives
I stumbled upon the cover-up of child rape and torture at the Baxter School when I delved into the Freedom of Information Act files about the child sex abuse by Maine’s Catholic priests. For three years Jeannine Guttman, formerly Executive Editor of the Portland Press Herald, fought to get the State to release these records. When Maine did release, it was only records of deceased or Alzheimer’s priests.

I thought the Catholic Church child rape documents would be painful enough but I was advised to also look at Pineland School, Élan School, and Native American communities. The abuse was equally horrific. Under Governor Paul LePage, Maine established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to create a public record of what Maine’s child protective services did, and continues to do, to Native American children but there has been no justice, no prosecutions, no accountability.

Robert Tristram Coffin was one of America’s great poets. Coffin spoke about sons and daughters of Maine, rock-bound coasts, and pine-trees. A place where one can still see the Milky Way at night; where old-fashion values are held sacred and folks are judged, not by their financial wealth, but the weight of their human souls.

That is the Maine I knew until my daughter was trafficked for sex abuse by Judge Moskowitz. I started researching Maine’s dark history of child sex abuse to understand how this could have been allowed to happen to my daughter. So-called “good Mainers,” who cultivate public images as “pillars of the community,” have been allowed to plunder, rape, and torture generations of children. Those, like Rod Hotham and James Levier, who raised their voices in pain and outrage have been silenced.

This was not the Maine Coffin loved. It is not the Maine I cherish.

Decades of shameful silence and impunity for child abuse continues in Maine. Adult survivors like Matt Lauzon are now coming forward but children like Ayla Reynolds, Logan Marr, and my daughter Mila Malenko have been silenced. My daughter’s case, and that of many other children, is being treated exactly as the child rape by Biddeford police, at Baxter, within the Catholic Church, at Pineland, at Élan School, and within Native American communities; cover-up, deny, protect the abuser not the children.

This is not “historical” abuse. This is on-going abuse. Happening right now, every day, to children in Maine, while Maine’s AG Janet Mills protects the child rapists and not the children.

Bangor Daily News 10 January 2001
Maine has been recognized by the Bangor Daily News as a source for the entire East Coast to procure children because there is a powerful state-system in place that allows this to happen.

There are known, and protected, supply-lines of children to abuse. Foster care, Child Protective Services, day cares, family courts, disabled children, Native American children; wherever vulnerable children are, that is where access to rape these children is maintained by the pedophiles in power in Maine.

Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King said “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.”

We must end the silence in Maine. No more cover-ups. No more children abused while Maine protects the abusers. FBI Director James Comey must conduct an in-depth investigation into the corruption of public officials in Maine around the issues of child trafficking, the trade in child rape and torture aka child porn, and child sex abuse.

The silence and impunity surrounding Maine’s child rape must end now.

###

Dr. Lori Handrahan’s forthcoming book Child Porn Nation: America’s Hidden National Security Risk details America’s child sex abuse epidemic. Her Ph.D. is from The London School of Economics. She can be reached on Twitter @LoriHandrahan2

Thursday, 23 April 2015

“Denmark: Muslims Who Whipped Woman in Face With Iron Chains Laugh in Court”

(thanks to Jihad Watch)
The attackers are “second generation immigrants” (a ‘Danish euphemism for Muslims') – several of them Somalis.

This incident occurred on Christmas night, 2014, and is the 2nd serious assault on a woman by Muslims in three months. In mid-March, a 23 year old women was beaten, stoned and  thrown into a lake by 4 young Somalis.
Nanna Skovmand - struck in the head several times with chain lock
According to the indictment, the assault began at approximately 00.10 at Vesterbro in Copenhagen on Christmas night, as Mads Schøllhammer received a major blow to the head with a glass bottle that shattered.

Then he received several blows to the head with a chain lock and wire lock, and the accused gave him “countless” punches and kicks to the head and body. Mads Schøllhammer fell down, but the defendants continued to beat him in the head and body with fists and the chain lock, and they kicked him in the body and head.

Then the four youths pushed Nanna Skovmand to the ground and beat her “several” times in the head with the chain lock.

Nanna Skovmand before and after. Either the photo on right is a mirror image
or the photo above is.
“There were both laughing and high fives when a group of young men today sat in the court, accused of a serious assault on Nanna Skovmand and Mads Schøllhammer on Christmas night.

A few times during the reading of the indictment, the defendants broke out in laughter – partly when the details of the attack were read. …

It's hard to fathom the madness of these fools. It seems they want to go to jail. Perhaps it's a badge of honour or something. I hope the court has the good sense to deport them even though they were born in Denmark.

Wait a minute; I just had an idea! Why doesn't Denmark invite another 100,000 degenerates like these to live in their once-peaceful country. They would certainly add some colour - red, mostly red - blood red!

According to 23-year-old Nanna Skovmand, the four defendants started the attack by beating her boyfriend as they were walking in Vesterbro at Christmas night.

As she tried to interrupt the attack, the group went berserk at her and struck with both chains and wire locks. She was also knocked down and kicked.

Wednesday, 22 April 2015

The Psycho-sexual Inadequacy of Muslim Men

Sexual abuse widespread among Muslims

What follows is a frank discussion of sexuality in much of Islam. The language is graphic but not offensive, at least to me. Some brilliant wisdom is revealed below. It is well worth the read.

By: Nicolai Sennels, psychologist

Here we will dive into a dark and closed universe; a universe where women are forced to commit to lifelong sexual relationships with close family members, where abuse of women is seemingly extremely widespread, where girls and women are forced to hide their female beauty behind veils, long unflattering coats, burkas etc., where men are free to rape women, because women are often automatically seen as the ones at fault.

Rape and forced sexual relations
In the article ‘A Question of Honor’ in The Independent on February 10th 2009, British police were quoted estimating that nearly 17,000 women in Great Britain fall victim to honor related assaults, including rape and forced marriage, every year.

Vibe Klarup Voetmann, director of the Copenhagen women’s refuge Dannerhuset, said to the Danish daily Kristeligt Dagblad on the 11th of June 2008 that 70 percent of the nearly 1,400 women who contact the centre each year come from a Middle-Eastern background. As ‘Dannerhuset’ is just one of 40 women’s refuges in Denmark, there is reason to fear that the number of Muslim women who seek shelter or counseling due to forced marriages, domestic violence or sexual abuse, is actually much higher. It is also worth taking into consideration the fact that many Muslim women keep quiet about assaults out of fear of retaliation from the family. Thus, in Denmark alone, the number of Muslim women who are abused each year is likely to exceed several thousand.

Where is the honor in raping a woman or forcing her to marry a man she does not love?

A forced marriage is a sexual assault
When it comes to forced marriages, journalists and media still fail to understand that it is not just an assault on the woman’s basic human rights, but also, and especially, on her sexuality. In a forced marriage, the fact is that the woman is forced to engage in sexual relations with a man she has not chosen herself. Furthermore, this sexual relationship often lasts a lifetime, as divorce is rarely an option for the women.

The many forced marriages are only made more detestable by the fact that the women are often forced (here from Danish daily Jyllands-Posten) to marry members of their extended family: “In Pakistan it is estimated that close to 70 percent (other sources quote 60 percent) of all marriages are inter-familial marriages and in Turkey the figure is between 25-30 percent.”

How would you like it if you were forced to have sex with your own cousin?

Forced sexual relations between close family members is not only psychologically traumatizing, but also biologically unnatural. According to the article “The inbreeding of immigrants costs millions” in the Danish daily BT on the 10th of November 2003, the consequences are often physical and mental handicaps:

“When two cousins have children, the risk of having a handicapped child is doubled – and that costs the municipalities,” and further, “Already in year 2000 it was calculated that while 13 percent of all children in Copenhagen were immigrants, they also made up 24 percent of severely handicapped children.”

Unfortunately, in many forced marriages in Muslim culture, the bride is very young. As the young girls are without any realistic possibility of resisting the marriage, it is not too much to consider these marriages institutionalized sexual abuse.

Swedish researcher, Pernilla Ouis, herself a Muslim, has on behalf of “Red Barnet” produced a report of the so-called honor-related violence. The research took place in the Middle-East and Ouis’ conclusion is: “early marriage can be seen as sexual abuse, as the girls involved are very young.” The conclusions of the report were so damning she ran into censorship of it.

Muslim culture is a paradise for horny men
According to the Quran, Muslim men who die for Islam in battle will be rewarded 72 virgins, who are seemingly restored to virginity every time a martyr has penetrated her. Seen from the perspective of Western psychology, it is quite embarrassing and immature that a world religion promises sex – fair and square – and this, in addition, with sexually un-experienced women, as the highest prize. Most people who have already grown out of the hormonal waves of the teenage years, and have gained just a pinch of human maturity, will probably agree that such a goal is built on, and directed at, a very crude type of man.

This is not to say that the Islamic paradise is first and foremost meant for horny and callous men, who are too insecure to deal with experienced women’s free view on sexuality. However, the widespread glorification of this paradise within the Islamic environment indicates that the Muslim culture has succeeded in producing not so few of this type of man.

This sexual paradise, where one can just take a woman and do with her what one wants without asking, is unfortunately also existent among living Muslim men who have not martyred themselves for their religion. In many cases, Muslim men can rape Muslim women without consequences, because the women do not dare tell the family or the police. In fact, the view on women in the Muslim culture is often that it is the women themselves, who are to blame for the rape.

On the 3rd of August 2009, the Danish TV-station, “Danmarks Radio”, reported (English translation of original, longer article is here) how organized gang rape is a widespread phenomenon in immigrant circles: “Young men with a different ethnic background than Danish are responsible for organized rapes of girls from their own environment and background. The young men are well aware that the girls are so frightened of the reactions from their family that they keep quiet about the rapes.”

Kristina Aamand, a nurse who, herself, comes from a Muslim family, has worked with immigrant girls, who have been sexually abused, at the “Centre for Rape Victims in Denmark”. Today, Aamand is the manager of the counseling offer “New Virginity”, which is contacted every month by one or more immigrant girls who have been sexually abused by immigrant boys or men. Aamand comments on the phenomenon: “As a Muslim immigrant girl you are raised to believe that if you have pre-marital sex, you are punished by Allah. Pre-marital sex is, according to Islam, the most shameful act you can do. Some of the boys use this concept of honor against the girls, because it is the girls who carry the shame and will be punished accordingly.”

It is the more fervently religious families who consider the unfortunate girls guilty of their own rape. The same kind of family will often not allow female family members to be alone with men who are not members of the family. Furthermore, girls and women must always be accompanied by male family members whenever they leave the family home. Therefore, there is reason to suspect that the rapist is often a member of the family, such as uncle, brother, cousin, father, grandfather etc.

The Islamic paradise for horny and perverted Muslim men received its own legal paragraph in the spring 2009 in Afghanistan. Here the Afghan President, Hamid Karzai, signed a law which actually granted men the right to rape their wives if more than four days had passed without sex. Luckily, the law was withdrawn due to international pressure. Unfortunately, the media and biographical literature is filled with accounts of Muslim men’s sexual abuse and violation of girls.

The beautiful, intelligent and brave Somali woman Ayaan Hirsi Ali describes this in moving detail in her books about life in Muslim society. The media can often provide more absurd examples. One of many recent examples is that of a 16-year-old Jordanian girl who was killed by her uncle with eight bullets at different places in her body – all because she had been raped. The only act of mercy, if it is even reasonable to talk about it as such, was that the uncle waited to kill his niece until after she had given birth to her rapist’s child.

Earlier in the summer, a girl, only eight years old, was abandoned by her Muslim parents because they wanted to save the family honor after their daughter had been raped by four boys. The Organization for Women’s Refuges in Denmark has experienced a fourfold increase in the number of children and young people who seek protection from domestic abuse. Manager of the secretariat, Lene Johannesson says: “Although efforts for integration has been persistent for quite a few years, young girls especially are still subjected to honor-related assaults.”

Making suicide bombers
Muslim men’s view on women is perhaps the reason that 100 percent of assault rapes (where perpetrator and victim do not know each other beforehand) in Oslo in both 2006, 2007 and 2008 were committed by immigrants with a so-called non-Western background. A particularly malicious version of this phenomenon was revealed in February 2009: An Iraqi woman had arranged the rape of no less than 80 other women. The purpose was to give the victims the impression that now that they no longer had anything to live for, becoming suicide-bombers was the only way to save their own and their family’s honor.

Furthermore, according to Islam, women must provide at least two male witnesses if they are to take any case to court. Should a woman in the Muslim countries which judge according to Sharia thus have the guts to report a rape, it would be impossible to win the case, as any possible male witnesses to the rape would most likely have been involved in the assault themselves.

In reality, a large part of the world’s almost 700 million Muslim women are thus without any real source of protection against sexual assaults by family members or other men in the surrounding environment. Only too often, this is exploited by Muslim men. When it comes to considering the actual wishes and desires of the women, the fact that a woman has any desire at all is frowned upon in many Muslim countries, even to the point of cutting off the erogenous parts of the female genitals preferably before puberty is reached. The New York Times thus related in the article ‘A cutting Tradition’ on the 20th of January, that 96 percent of all girls in the world’s most heavily populated Muslim country, Indonesia, are circumcised before they turn 14. Disgusting!

Islam perverts its followers’ sexuality
Why are women, and women’s right to decide over their own body and sexuality, worth less than men in Islam and Muslim culture? Why are Muslim women beaten, raped and mutilated so much more often than women of other cultures? There are many possible answers, of which the Quran is the most concrete: According to Allah and his prophet Muhammad, women are simply inferior to men (The Quran, chap. 4, 34th stanza).

Apart from the Quran, as a psychologist I will also point to the psychological fact that what we are afraid of, we do not like. After treating more than 100 Muslim men, it is my clear impression that Muslim men feel scared and insecure that women’s sexuality is in many ways stronger than men’s. Women can make love for a longer time than men, and men often feel ashamed if they cannot control their ejaculation and are thus not able to satisfy the woman. By disregarding women and their needs, these men try to handle the fact that women are stronger than men in this basic area of life.

Of course it must be mentioned that this psychological mechanism is also a factor among male-chauvinists in other cultures. However, no religion or culture has succeeded in creating as pronounced a cult around female sexuality as Islam – a cult that is centered on the suppression and concealment of female sexuality and female desire.

Kristina Aamand said in my interview with her, “Project New Virginity – Interview with Kristina Abu-Khader Aamand” from the 21st of September 2009: “Social control of women serves the purpose of preserving the core of the Muslim culture. For, a larger part of the core of the Muslim culture is about the female sexuality.” And here, it does not matter whether the women themselves claim to have chosen to wear a scarf, a veil or a burka. The fact that the women share Islam’s condescending view on women does not make things better, rather the contrary.

As a professional psychologist, I thus argue that the Muslim view on women is not only harmful to Muslim women. The condescending view on women and the mass-neurotic control of their sexuality is also harmful to the psychological development of the men. The sexuality of Muslim men is perverted because they are not able to experience a relaxed and loving relationship with women, and thus miss out on the deep emotional joy and development that loving, tender and respectful love between man and woman brings.

Muslim men are becoming callous, and their sexual performance becomes insensitive and without consideration for the needs and desires of the woman. And according to the women, among whom two experienced prostitutes that I have interviewed, the result is that Muslim men last a shorter time in bed and give less joy than other men.

When venturing into depth-psychology, which was first explored by the Swiss Psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, we find the same psychological analysis. If one suppresses the female in the outer world, one correspondingly represses one’s own female qualities (so-called “anima”), and one thus becomes less sensitive, creative, calm, intuitive, self-secure, social and peaceful.

The rest of us, all us men who love women, and who worship the things we learn by opening up to them, and wish women to be free to choose their partners, wardrobe and lifestyle, feel that it is our duty to protect them if they are being attacked or suppressed, and can only shrug at the men who do not let their women live the way they want, and who do not have eyes for the many qualities of women. Men who do not have a relaxed relationship to women are often male-chauvinists and emotionally immature – a sign of lack of openness and real life-experience with the beautiful sex. In therapy, this type of man often shows himself to have a distorted image of his own attractiveness and sexual performance.

Unhealthy sexuality
This perversion of sexuality and lacking experience of equal and mutual love might be the reason why many fervent Muslim believers also have been shown to have a great interest in child porn. In the article “Link Between Child Porn and Muslim Terrorists Discovered in Police Raids” from 17th of October 2008, Times Online could thus report how British police have found lots of child porn during investigations of assumed terrorists’ computers.

The police was surprised to find a clear connection “between people who were followers of theocracy and Islamic fundamentalism, and their use of child porn.” The pedophile terrorists’ behavior is not far from that of their prophet: Muhammad married a six-year-old girl and had sex with her for the first time when she was nine. And yes, he terrorized his surroundings with scores of wars and gave his followers permission to rape non-Muslim women. (and girls)

The fact that more than half of all brides in Afghanistan are under fifteen years old is also far from the biologically and mentally more responsible Western practice, which is based on the idea that girls should not have sex before they are sexually mature. One of the more grotesque examples is an eight-year-old girl in Saudi-Arabia, who was forced to marry a 47-year-old man. With the help of her mother, the girl filed for divorce, but according to Saudi-Arabian law, which is based on the Quran, she had to stay with her husband, who was six times her age.

One of Islam’s highest leaders, the now deceased Ayatollah Khomeni, who lead the Islamic revolution in 1979 in Iran and who, until his death in 1989, was the highest authority of the country, both politically and religiously, also wrote the book Tahrirolvasyleh, which is a collection of Islamic rules of conduct for Muslims. Here he is quoted for: “A man can quench his sexual thirst by use of a baby. The only condition is that he does not penetrate the vagina, but anal sex is okay.”

Elsewhere, he writes that: “It is better if a girl marries so early that she gets her first period in the home of her husband rather than in the home of the father. Every father who gives his daughter away in marriage at such an early age will have obtained a place in heaven.”

And further: “A man can have anal sex with animals such as sheep, cows, camels, etc. However, he should kill the animal after ejaculating.”

And some words on the rights of women: “A woman who has entered into a true state of matrimony does not have the right to leave the house without her husband’s permission – she must be available to him and fulfill his every need and must not refuse to give herself to him unless there is a valid religious reason.”

Khomeni also does not think that a husband having anal sex with his own son is a valid reason for divorce: “If a man has anal sex with his son, brother or father after he is married, the marriage is to continue.”

Prophets, religious leaders, the Quran and culture or not, seen from a psychological perspective, sexual relationships between grown men and adolescent girls, or women who are not participating voluntarily, is an expression of a perverted sexual life and culture. It is a sign of some thoroughly depressing and dysfunctional character-traits – these character-traits are, in far too many cases, the result of growing up in the Muslim culture. Thus, many signs suggest that Islam and Muslim culture perverts men’s sexual drive and desire. This is, presumably, the reason why sexual assaults on girls and women are so frequent and widespread among Muslims.

The largest search-engine on the internet, Google, seems to confirm that the interest in the most perverted and traumatizing kinds of sex is largest in the Muslim world. Google Trends is a program, which can show in what countries and languages a certain word is most frequently searched for. If you write “children sex” in Google Trends, Muslim countries take up four out of five places on the top-five.

The languages, in which “children sex” is most often searched for are Indonesian and Arabic. If you search for “rape sex”, Muslim countries take up three out of four on the top-four. And again Indonesian and Arabic are the languages in which this type of sex is most frequently searched for. Just for fun, I tried searching for “donkey sex” and again it turned out that Muslim countries take up four out of five places on the top-five.

However, this time the languages in which the search for donkey sex is most frequently executed were Turkish and Arabic. Ayatollah Khomeni would not have raised an eyebrow. Of course there can be different explanations as to why the interest in searching for these kinds of sex is so great in many of the largest Muslim countries, but it is, nevertheless, thought-provoking seen in the light of Islam and the Muslim culture’s view on free sexuality and love as sick and wrong. You can try searching yourself on Google Trends.

Conclusion
The ability to open up to a free and giving love and sexuality between man and woman is the foundation on which mental health rests. As long as women are not seen as equal in the Muslim culture, Muslim men and Muslim society will lag behind psychologically. On this basic human level, Islam and Muslim cultural psychology can be very unhealthy for human development. The conclusion is thus that the result of this psychology is that sexual assaults are worryingly widespread among Muslims.

Toronto Gang Arrested in Country-wide Human Trafficking Probe

Police say victims ranged from 15 to 33 and were from 
Nova Scotia, Ontario and Alberta

TO Police Trafficking Team
you are my heroes today
Police announce the arrest of what they say are nine members of a
Toronto street gang on Wednesday morning. (Shannon Martin/CBC)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada police have arrested nine people and laid 61 charges in a multi-province investigation into an alleged human trafficking operation. There is a warrant outstanding for one further person.

From October 2014 to April 2015, the Sex Crimes Human Trafficking Enforcement Team were looking into a Toronto street gang called the Complex Crip Gangsters for what they believed to be a Canada-wide human trafficking network. Police called the investigation Project Guardian.

Police say the accused would recruit women at dance clubs, schools and group homes and force them into sex work. They would also befriend women online, using Facebook and Instagram.

The victims involved ranged in age from 15 to 33 and were from Nova Scotia, Ontario and Alberta. The girls and women were forced to work and turn over the money they earned, and if they did not make enough money, they would be physically beaten and threatened, police say.

The police allege the women were being forced to service 10-15 clients a day.

Police say they identified four alleged victims during their investigation.

On April 2, the police raided dwellings in the area of Jane Street and Wilson Avenue, and Kipling Avenue and Rexdale Boulevard to make the arrests. They also say they found stolen property, as well as drugs such as cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin and MDMA. As well, they gathered evidence related to hotels and motels.

The charges laid include human trafficking and drug-related counts, as well as obstructing a peace officer, possession of the proceeds of crime, and trafficking in persons under 18 years.

Police have released  photos of some of the arrested.
Clockwise from top left: Marcus Cumsille, 21,
 Joel Edwards, 22, Levi Alexander, 19,
who has not yet been arrested,
and Chanelle Espinosa, 20. (Toronto police)
The accused are:

Marcus Cumsille, 21, of Toronto.
Joel Edwards, 22, of Toronto.
Tyronne Matthews, 20, of Toronto.
Felix Funes Vasquez, 19, of Toronto.
Shane Hendry, 18, of Toronto.
Symisha Murray, 19, of Toronto.
Abdulwahab Sheikh, 18, of Toronto.
Keron Christie, 32, of Toronto.
Chanelle Espinosa, 20, of Toronto.
Levi Alexander, 19, of Toronto, has not been apprehended and is wanted on an arrest warrant.

Police believe there may be more victims.

Anyone with information is asked to contact investigators at 416-808-7474.

Information can also be passed on anonymously through Crime Stoppers at 416-222-8477.

Tuesday, 21 April 2015

Colombian Sex Parties Cost DEA Lead Her Job

US Drug Enforcement Administration director Michele Leonhart is to step down following allegations that agents attended sex parties funded by cartels.
Retiring DEA director Michele Leonhart
Her retirement was announced by Attorney General Eric Holder.

The move follows a justice department report last month alleging that drug agents attended parties with prostitutes, some funded by local drug cartels, in a foreign country.

The DEA said the incidents had happened in Colombia.

Correspondents say Ms Leonhart, who has run the agency since 2007, had been under pressure to resign since testifying to a congressional committee last week.

Following her appearance, a majority of the committee said they had lost confidence in her.

"Michele has led this distinguished agency with honour, and I have been proud to call her my partner in the work of safeguarding our national security and protecting our citizens from crime, exploitation and abuse,'' Mr Holder said.

He added that Ms Leonhart would leave the agency in mid-May.

'Expensive gifts'

According to the justice department report, the sex parties were held at government-leased quarters where the phones and laptops of agents were present.

It said that DEA investigators at the time had not reported the allegations because they "did not believe that the special agents' conduct rose to the level of a security risk requiring a referral".

The report said that several agents were also provided with money, expensive gifts and weapons.

Gee, nothing suspicious there. Any  possibility there is a law against that?

One DEA official told investigators: "Prostitution is considered part of the local culture and is tolerated in certain areas called 'tolerance zones'."

So is pedophilia, apparently, but that's no excuse for practicing it.

Seven agents who admitted attending sex parties were given suspensions ranging from two to 10 days. One was cleared of wrongdoing.

The investigation had been instigated by Congress following reports from 2012 that Secret Service agents had hired prostitutes while protecting the president during a summit in Colombia.

Colombia Arrests 298 in Sweep Against Child Sex Abuse


Authorities in Colombia have arrested 298 people in a nationwide operation against child sex offenders, prosecutors said Tuesday.

More than 1,180 arrest warrants were issued for the April 20-21 operation, and 298 people have been detained so far, the office of the country's top prosecutor said.

This year, authorities have received 11,729 reports of such crimes involving 12,921 minor victims, they added.

The bulk of the crimes were alleged sexual assaults against minors under the age of 14.

UNICEF said in its latest report on children in Colombia that 86 percent of sex assault investigations were for crimes against minors. — Agence France-Presse

Recently we reported that US Military and military contractors were responsible for the rape of more than 54 girls in Colombia. It appears that it's the thing to do down there.

Good for the Colombian policia, perhaps it's the beginning of changing a disgusting way of life.